Subject(s): Welfare state. -- Emigration -- immigration. -- Political economics: Aging, migration and the widening wage gap, Migration and the welfare state, balanced-budget rules and the downscaling of the welfare state, Capital tax financed welfare state , Aging and the welfare state: empirical evidence -- Globalization, Globalisation -- Capital taxation: International tax competition , Downward convergence of capital taxation across countries: evidence from the European Union