Subject(s): Property right -- Population problem -- Energy Resourses -- Environmental policy -- Raw materials--Government policy -- Natural resources--Government policy -- Environmental economics -- Natural resources -- Basic pessimist model, Basic optimist model -- Valuing the environment : Human environment relationship, Normative criteria for decision making, Finding optimal outcome, Reducing pollution -- Valuing the environment methods : valuing benefits , Ground water contamination,Wildlife, Cost effectiveness analysis, NO2 control -- Property rights, externalities and environmental problems : Externalities as a source of market failure, Improperly designed property rights system, Imperfect market structure , Divergence of school and private discount rates, Government failures, Pursuit of efficiency, Efficient role for government -- Sustainable development : Two-period model, defining intertemporal fairness, Efficient allocations fair, Sustainability criterion, Implication for environmental policy -- Pollution problem : Effects of population growth on economic developemnt, Effects of economic developemnt on population growth, Economic approach to population control -- Allocation of depletable and renewable resources : resource taxonomy, Efficient intertemporal allocations, N-period constant-cost case, market allocations -- Depletable, Nonrecyclable energy resource : Oil, Gas, Coal and Uranium -- natural gas price control, Oil the cartel problem, Oil national security problem, Transition fuels Environmental problems -- Recyclable resources - Minerals, paper, Glass : efficient allocation of recyclable resources, Strategic material problem revisited, Waste disposal and pollution damage, Tax treatment of minerals, Product durability -- replenishable but deletable resources- Water : Global scarcity, Formulating the global scarcity hypothesis, Agricultural land and policies, Distribution of food resources , Feast and famine cycles -- Storable, renewable resources - Forest : Defining efficient management, Timer, Biological dimension, Source of inefficiency, Implementing efficient management -- Renewable common property resources : Efficient allocation, Appropriability and market solutions, Public policy toward fisheries -- Generalized resource scarcity : Factors mitigating resource scarcity, Detecting resources scarcity , Evidence on resource scarcity , Geochemical scarce metals -- Economics of pollution control : pollutant taxonomy, Defining the efficient allocation of pollution, market allocation of pollution, Efficient policy responses, Cost-effective policies for uniformly mixed fund pollutants, Cost effective policies for nonuniformly mixed surface pollutants -- Stationary-source local air pollution : Conventional pollutants, innovative approaches, Regional and global air pollutants - Acid rain and atmospheric modification : Regional pollutants, Global pollutants, Ozon depletion, Global warming -- Mobile source air pollution : Policy towards mobile sources,Economic and political assessment, possible reforms, -- Water pollution :natural water pollution problems, Traditional water pollution control policy, Efficiency and cost effectiveness -- Toxic substances : market allocations and toxic substances, Current policy, Legal remedies -- Environmental justice : Incidence of hazardous waste siting decisions,Pollution control cost, Generation of pollutants, incidence on households, Implications for policy -- Development, poverty and the environment : Growth process, Growth-development relationship, Growth and poverty, Industrialized nations, Poverty in the less industrialized nations -- Quest for sustainability development: sustainability of growth, Opportunities, managing the transition, Forced transition