Subject(s): Public utilities in Rates in Developing countries. -- Subsidies in Developing countries. -- Public utilities. -- Infrastructural services, Safe drinking water -- Typology of consumer utility subsidies :Consumer utility subsides, Subsidies funded -- Rationale for subsidizing services for the poor : Broader social policy -- Determinants of targeting performance -- Targeting performance of quality based subsidies : Quantity-targeted subsidies , Access handicap, High volume consumers -- Can the targeting performance of consumption subsidies be improved : modifying tariff design, Quantity targeting -- Targeting performance of connection subsidies : Universal connection subsidies -- Consumer utility subsidies as instruments of social policy : Income, Poverty reduction -- Beyond subsidies- other means of achieving sectoral goals : Cost reduction measures, Billing and payment systems, Legal and administrative barriers -- Utility subsidies, Standard quality- target utility, Quantity targeted subsidies perform differently for water and electricity