Subject(s): Economic Growth -- Agriculture and development -- Technology -- International Institutional Linkages -- Development imperative : Poverty -- Measuring economic growth and development : International comparison of income- purchasing power parity, HDI,human development -- Development in historical perspective : Colonialism, de-industrialization in colonies, impact of colonies, trade and comparative advantage , credit and underdevelopment, imperialism, decolonization, economic dualism, -- Theories of development and underdevelopment -- Classical and neoclassical theories : Adam Smith- competitive capitalism and growth, Malthu's theory of population and economic growth, Ricardo's theory of diminishing return and comparative advantage, Marx's analysis of capitalist development neoclassical growth models -- Developmentalist theories of economic development : Theory of balance growth, unblances growth, utilizing economic surplus -- Heterodox theories of economic development : Latin American structuralists, institutionalists,dependency analysis, classical marxism -- Structural transformation : State as a potential agent of transformation - from neoliberalism to embedded autonomy : Neoliberal paradigm, government in process of development, political economy, neoliberal theory, embedded autonomy, neoliberalism of Deepak Lal -- Endogenous growth theories and new strategies for development : Income convergence controversy, endogenous growth models -- Initial structural transformation - industrialization process : Economic growth and development, structural transformation, infant industry protection, state autonomy to successful ISI, para-state firms and social capital -- Strategy switching and industrial transformation : Foreign exchange shortages, endowments and polices, subsequent strategy switches, export promotion -- Agriculture and development : Inadequate infrastructural investment, primary product mono-exporters, peasant agriculture and small scale cultivators, peasants efficient producers, high-yield varieties and rural productivity, developemnt problems of cash crop farmers, large landholdings and agrarian backwardness, plantation economies, transnational agribusiness, land reforms -- Population, education and human capital : Population problem, demographic transition, human capital accumulation, market failure -- Technology and development : Total factor productivity and national technology, technology centred development v/s capital -centred development, industrial innovation, industrial polices to promote national technology, macropolices and technological change, policy implications -- Problems and issue - Transnational corporations and economic development : Import substitution industrialization and TNCs, globally integrated production system, direct foreign investment, less developed countries gains from DFI, export processing zones, integrated production system -- Macroeconomic equilibrium - Internal balance : Inflation, alternative theories of inflation, empirical research on inflation and economic growth, correctly identifying the source of inflationary pressures, unemployment and informal sector -- Macroeconomic equilibrium- external balance : Exchange rates, real v/s nominal exchange rates,balance of payments, good external imbalances, monitoring balance of payments -- Debt problem and development : External debt dilemma, debt crisis, borrow externally, debt burden and crisis, debt overhang and future economic growth -- International institutional linkages - IMF , World bank and foreign aid : International monetary fund, IMF SALs, sustainable development