Subject(s): Land Reforms -- Agrarian Reforms -- Rural Development -- Economic Development -- Pre-independence vision of agrarian reform and rural development : colonial impact, resistance strategies of landholders -- Post independence perspectives on agrarian reform and rural development: Political events in Nehruvian era,directive principles in Indian constitution -- Post- independence implementation of agrarian reform : role of central government, state revenue minister, critiques of agrarian reform measures, planning commission evaluation, Kerala's implementation of agrarian reforms -- Repeating cycle of agrarian reform and rural unrest : rural tension increased -- Ineffective formulation of agrarian reform policy : recent cycle of policy drift and rural unrest, retrospective view of agrarian reform polices, lost opportunity -- Persistent dilemma : Establishment of definitions of economic development, agrarian reform and land reform, implementation of agrarian reform in 1990