Subject(s): Local government -- European Union countries -- Decentralization in government -- Regionalism -- Anglo- Saxon Tradition -- Tradition -- Hypercentralization in UK -- Colonized nation to Celtic tiger : Ireland -- Germanic tradition -- federalism in Germany -- proportional government in Austria -- Traditional local and regional democracy in Netherlands -- Luxembourg: local state -- Napoleonic tradition -- Centralization and fragmentation -- Italy: crisis of second republic -- Spain : nation, nationalities and regions -- Portugal : difficulties of regionalism -- Greece: Henosis and decentralism -- Belgium : federalism and subnational democracy -- Scandinavian tradition -- Swedish model -- Scandinavian democracy and neo-liberalism -- Geo-political changes and Europeanization -- Transformation of regional and local democracy in western Europe