Subject(s): Rural development Case studies. -- Geographically Marginal Communities Facing a Reduction in Public Spending -- Restructuring of the Countryside in Countries Undergoing Transition : Role of NGOs, Community Development, Socialist Restructuring -- The Life Cycle of Resource Communities -- Sectoral Shift and Diversification : The Example of Tourism in USA, Finland, Ireland -- A Multicultural Approach and Theory of Development : Local economical Development, Rural Restructuring