Subject(s): Energy consumption -- Trends and implications of energy switching -- Present trends in energy switching and energy consumption patterns, Implications of energy switching, national responses, Factors affecting energy switching -- Sectoral patterns of energy use and the potential for switching -- Overall energy use patterns in rural area, Rural domestic and industrial energy use patterns, Energy use patterns in agriculture, Potential for energy switching in agriculture, Energy switching as a means of alleviating rural poverty, Domestic energy use patterns in urban areas, Energy use patterns in the transport sector -- Strategies for optimizing biomass availability -- Agro forestry, Community forestry, farm forestry and fuelwood plantation, requirements for biomass production, Briquetting -- New and improved wood-stove technology : Shielded lightweight stoves -- Improved charcoal technologies : domestic use of charcoal, Charcoal making technologies,Required measures to promote new technologies, Stove development and dissemination -- Biogas : utilization of the products of gas plants, Digester design, Community biogas plants -- Switching : policy issues and requirements