Subject(s): Kerala : some basic issues, vernacular region, geographical region, administrative division, human settlement -- Physical geography of Kerala : Geology, climate, drainage, landforms, soil, natural vegetation and wild life -- Geomorphic evolution : Lineaments, neotectonics, plantation surfaces and their characteristics, western ghats, coastal plain -- Water resources, utilization and management challenges : Surface water yield, reservoirs, ground water : physiographic zones, wetlands and coastal zone, fresh water lakes, water management -- Land resources, land use and landholdings : Terrain units/ land resource units, micro level diversity of land types, arable land, stakeholders, land market, land data bank, land management -- Primary sector-I - Agriculture and performance of crops : Kerala's agriculture, governing Kerala's agriculture, agricultural inputs and management, Irrigation, fertiliser use, other management practices, agricultural growth, total cropped area and important crops, food and non-food crops,cropping intensity, rice, coconut, tapioca, pepper, rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa and cardamom, homestead farming, major crops -- Primary sector-II- Animal husbandry, fisheries and forest resources : Livestock, poultry, production of milk, egg and meat, livestock rearing, fisheries, fish products, fishery management, forest resources, mangroves, distribution of forest, sacred groves, forest plantation, forest produce, wildlife conservation, forest management and institutions, ecotourism -- Industrial development : Industrial resource base, energy resources, development of modern industry, spatial trends of industrial development, manufacturing industry, mineral based industry, public sector undertakings, industrial infrastructure development, Micro,Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), food processing, traditional industries, coir industry, handloom industry, cashew, bamboo industry,information technology -- Transport and tourism : Transport system in Kerala and issues , road network, motor network, rural roads, inland water ways, airways, tourism -- Settlement, population and migration : district level distribution, population distribution and altitudinal zones, demographic transition, sex ratio, changing age structure, children, scheduled cast and tribe population, literacy, distribution of rural and urban population, occupational structure, migration -- Urbanisation : Spatial organization, urban population, growth of urban centres, urban agglomerations, diminishing importance of three major UAs, small towns, density of urban population, urbanisation and physical space, location and resource base of urban centres, challenges of urbanization -- Social sector : Kerala model, education, health, Human Development Index (HCI), poverty, spatial variability of selected human development indicators -- Decentralised planning : administrative reforms, land reforms, civil society, library movement, environment movement, total literacy campaign, panchayt resource mapping(PRM) programme, panchayati raj act , people's plan campaign, kudumbashree programme -- Natural hazards and disaster management : Water and climate related hazards, floods, meterological hazards, sea erosion, tsunami, geological hazards, accidental related hazards, Covid 19 pandemic -- Changing geography of Kerala : population , urbanization, economic growth, agricultural food supply, climate change, coastal configuration, kuttanad wetlands and vembanad estuarine system, alternation of topography, soil, river ecology, water quality of vembanad estuary, groundwater, natural vegetation cover, capturing changes and knowledge gap -- Regions,area development and management : Regionalisation, six regions in Kerala, area development and management, management of Kerala coast, area development of kuttanad, conservation of western ghats, preserving local geography -- കുടുംബശ്രീ