Subject(s): Municipal government -- Citizen participation -- City administration and provision of facilities -- Politicization of american local executives -- Urban administration -- Urban Governance -- Metropolitan cities -- Local government reorganisation -- Central- local relation -- Financial management of municipal government -- Local government services -- Local implementation of external policy -- Integrating manpower and economic development -- Public services in cities and countries -- Urban service expenditure -- Participatory democracy -- Chonaikai -- Urban movements -- Social action groups -- British voluntary sector