Subject(s): Economics -- Basic problems of economic organisations , Markets and command in modern economy , Elements of supply and demand -- Two fundamental concepts of macroeconomics -- Measurement of national output and income, consumption and investment, Theory of output determination, Multiplier extended: fiscal policy and international trade, Aggregate supply and business cycles, money and commercial banking, federal reserve and central bank monetary policy -- Macroeconomic policy -- Unemployment, Inflation: definition and costs, effects of money on output and prices, Monetary policy, Fiscal policy , deficits and the government debt , Budget , government debt -- Microeconomics : supply , demand and product markets -- Supply and demand in individual markets, Demand, utility and consumer behaviour, Business organization, Big small and infinitesimal businesses , theory of production and marginal products, analysis of costs , Competitive supply and competitive markets , supply behaviour , Monopoly: analysis and regulations, Imperfect competition, cost and control of monopoly, Imperfect competition and antitrust policy -- Large corporations, antitrust policy -- Wages , Rent and profits: the distribution of income -- Incomes and inequality, sources of inequality, pricing of factors of production, wages and the labor market, marginal productivity theory distribution, factor pricing, land rents, Wage determination under perfect competition, race and gender discrimination , labour unions and collective bargaining, American labour movement , Impact of imperfect competition on wages, Capital , interest and profit -- Efficiency, equity and governance -- Markets and economic efficiency, Economic role of government, Governments role on modern economy , public choice theory Externalities, Economic role of government: expenditure and taxation, governmental expenditures, economic aspects of taxation , poverty , equality and efficiency , alternative economic systems, Marxism and alternative economic system -- Economic growth and international trade -- Economic growth : theory and evidence , Economics of developing countries, international trade and the theory of comparative advantage, protectionism and the free trade, exchange rates and the international financial systems