Subject(s): Forest biodiversity conservation Monitoring -- Context of monitoring forest biodiversity -- Biodiversity conservation in Human-modified and managed forest : biodiversity in logged forest, regenerating forest, Agroforestry system, Tree plantations, Ecosystem approaches to forest conservation -- Origins and development of ecologically responsible forest management : Sustainable forest management (SFM), Indicators in forest management -- Need for forest biodiversity monitoring : Scientific uncertainty and biodiversity conservation in Human- modified forest ecosystem, Purpose of biodiversity monitoring as a guide to management -- Typology of approaches and indicators for monitoring forest biodiversity -- Challenges facing forest biodiversity monitoring -- Challenges to monitoring - problems of purpose : Selection of appropriate indicators for biodiversity monitoring , Setting management objectives and interpreting inductor change in biodiversity monitoring programmes -- Challenges of monitoring : adaptive forest management, Challenges to monitoring from governance and regulatory institutions, Cultural challenges to monitoring -- Operational framework for monitoring forest biodiversity -- Clarifying purpose- Operational framework for monitoring forest biodiversity : Understanding the role of different monitoring approaches in Forest management, Different indicators in the monitoring process, Implementing an operational framework for biodiversity monitoring as a guide to responsible forest management -- Setting conservation goals for biodiversity monitoring : Ecological integrity, Guide for forest biodiversity monitoring -- Setting objectives for biodiversity monitoring : -- Selecting indicators of forest structure to assess management performance -- Selecting biological indicators and target species to evaluate progress towards conservation goals : ecological disturbance indicator groups, Individual target species to biodiversity monitoring -- Making assumption explicit-Value of conceptual modelling in biodiversity monitoring -- Sampling design and data collection in biodiversity monitoring - step by step -- Analysis and interpretation of biodiversity data -- Putting forest biodiversity monitoring to work